THE CONCEPT OF SUFI ETHICS IN IBN MISKAWAYH’S TAHDZIB AL-AKHLAQ IN THE CHAPTER AN NAFS

Authors

  • Ibnu Ramdhan Universitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34005/tahdzib.v8i1.5253

Keywords:

Sufi Ethics, Ibn Miskawayh, Tahdzīb al-Akhlāq, Soul, Islamic Education, Character Formation

Abstract

This study examines the concept of Sufi ethics (akhlaq tasawuf) in Ibn Miskawayh’s Tahdzīb al-Akhlāq, particularly in the chapter al-Nafs, and explores its relevance to contemporary Islamic education. Using a qualitative approach with library research as the primary method, this study analyzes primary sources from Ibn Miskawayh’s works and secondary literature related to ethics, Sufism, and Islamic education. The findings indicate that Ibn Miskawayh views the soul (nafs) as an immaterial, rational, and moral substance that guides human behavior. The soul has three fundamental faculties: al-quwwah al-syahwiyyah (desire), al-quwwah al-ghadabiyyah (emotion), and al-quwwah al-nāṭiqah (intellect). The balance among these faculties results in four principal virtues: hikmah (wisdom), ‘iffah (self-restraint), syaja‘ah (moral courage), and ‘adālah (justice). This concept aligns with the Sufi process of tazkiyah al-nafs, which includes takhallī, taḥallī, and tajallī, yet Ibn Miskawayh frames it within a rational-humanistic perspective. The study concludes that Ibn Miskawayh’s ethical framework is highly relevant to modern Islamic education, particularly in addressing contemporary moral crises by integrating intellectual, moral, and spiritual development.

References

Akbar, Rahmadani, and Rahmad Alkhadafi. “Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Akhlak: Analisis Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Moral.” Advances In Education Journal 1, no. 6 (2025): 576–89.

Amri, Muhammad. “Pemikiran Etika Ibnu Miskawaih,” n.d., 49–59.

Anggito, Albi, and Johan Setiawan. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher), 2018.

Ariani, Rina, and Mahyudin Ritonga. “Analisis Pembinaan Karakter: Membangun Transformasi Insan Kamil Menurut Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali.” Jurnal Inovatif Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 3 (July 1, 2024): 174–87. https://doi.org/10.38073/jimpi.v3i2.1649.

Arroisi, Jarman. “Konsep Jiwa Perspektif Ibn S ī n Ā,” no. March 2019 (2021). https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2019.13.2.

Balaka, Muh Yani. “Metodologi Penelitian Teori Dan Aplikasi,” 2022.

Daulay, Haidar Putra. Pendidikan Islam Dalam Perspektif Filsafat. Kencana, 2014.

Fitriasih, Dewi, and Syamsul Huda Rohmadi. “Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Manajemen Pendidikan Islam : Menyiapkan Pemimpin Masa Depan” 6, no. 1 (2024): 199–207.

Guna, Ahmad Saka Falwa. “PEMIKIRAN IBNU MISKAWAIH (RELEGIUS-RASIONAL) TENTANGPENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN ERA MODERN.” Jurnal PAI Raden Fatah 2, no. 3 (2020): 230–44.

Hidayat, Asep Achmad, and M Ag. Sejarah Tasawuf Dan Tarekat: Telusur Tokoh Dan Ajarannya. Prenada Media, 2024.

Kahwash, MAMH. “Penanaman Akhlak Menurut Ibnu Miskawayh (932-1030) Dan Al-Ghazali (1058-1111).” Disertasi, UIN Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2020.

Kajin, Sudar. “PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DALAM PEMIKIRAN IBN MISKAWAIH (TELAAH ATAS KITAB TAHDZIB AL-AKHLAK).” UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA, 1996.

Khumaeni, Ali. “Perubahan Akhlak Dalam Perspektif Ibn Miskawayh Dan Alghazâlî: Analisis Perbandingan.” UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta: Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, 2017, 2017.

Maghfiroh, Muliatul. “Pendidikan Akhlak Menurut Kitab Tahzib Al-Akhlaq Karya Ibnu Miskawaih.” TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 11, no. 2 (2016): 206–18.

Mahmud, Hisyam. “Studi Komparasi Tentang Pendidikan Akhlak Dalam Perspektif Ibnu Miskawaih Dan Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas.” IAIN Pekalongan, 2022.

Miskawaih, Ibn. “Tahdzib Al-Akhlaq Wa Tathhir Al-A’raq.” Mesir: Al-Maktabat Al-Mishriyyah, 1934.

Muhammad, Daffa, Al Irsyad, and Moh Syafi. “Pengaruh Pendidikan Dan Media Sosial Terhadap Akhlak Siswa Dengan Lingkungan Sebagai Variabel Mediator” 02, no. 01 (2024): 100–115.

MUID, ABDUL, Tutut Hardianti, Shofyan Tsaury, and Nur Laila Faiqotul Himmah. “Posisi Akal Dan Nafsu Dalam Islam Serta Kedudukannya Dalam Pendidikan Islam.” JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 13, no. 13 (2024).

Muzammil, Shofiyullah. “Etika Islam Dalam Pemikiran Ibn Maskwaih Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Problem-Problem Sosial Di Indonesia Islamic Ethics in Ibn Maskwaih ’ s Thought and Its Relevance to Social Problems in Indonesia” 18, no. 2 (2023): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.56338/iqra.v18i2.3613.

Nata, Abuddin. “Akhlak Tasawuf Dab Karakter Mulia, Jakarta: PT.” Raja Grafindo Persada, 2015.

Nurhayati, Fitriani, Qorie Hizratul Muttaqien, Via Putrimawati Muttaqin, and Pipih Santora. “Relevansi Pemikiran Khas Filsafat Ibn Miskawaih Dalam Menjawab Tantangan Zaman” 8, no. 2 (2025): 798–807.

Ramli, Mohammad, and Della Zamzami. “Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih.” Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan 5 (November 20, 2022): 208–20. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2669.

Sa’adah, Alimatus, and M Farhan Hariadi. “Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih (Religius-Rasional) Tentang Pendidikan Dan Relevansinya Di Era Indsutri 4.0.” Jurnal Penelitian Keislaman 16, no. 1 (2020): 16–30.

Samnuranto, Akmad. “Pengaruh Kesehatan Jiwa Terhadap Akhlak Dalam Pemikiran Ibn Miskawayh,” 2017.

Senjaya, Aan Juhana. “Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Istilah Metode Campuran (Mixed Method) Dalam Riset Sosial.” Risâlah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam 4, no. 1, March (2018): 103–18.

Siregar, Ricky Johannes, and Pradnya Amartya Azzahra. “ETIKA PLATO PERPESKTIF ETIKA ISLAM,” 2023, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.11111/moderasi.xxxxxxx.

Sopandi, Rizka Aulia. “Konsep Etika Dan Kebahagiaan Perspektif Ibnu Miskawaih Dan Al-Ghozali.” UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2022.

Syawaluddin, Muhammad Adam. “Dekadensi Moral Remaja Muslim Pengguna Media Sosial Dalam Tinjauan Etika Ibnu Miskawaih.” FU, n.d.

WAHYUNI, FAJAR DATIK. “KONSEP PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK MENURUT IBN MISKAWAYH DAN KONTRIBUSINYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM.” UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA, 2014.

Downloads

Published

2025-11-07

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Tahdzib Al-Akhlaq: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam

Section

Articles

License

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).